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Battle of the Strait of Otranto (1917)
The 1917 Battle of the Strait of Otranto was the result of an Austro-Hungarian raid on the Otranto Barrage, an Allied naval blockade of the Strait of Otranto. The battle took place on 14–15 May 1917, and was the largest surface action in the Adriatic Sea during World War I.〔Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 396〕 The Otranto Barrage was a fixed barrier, composed of lightly armed drifters with anti-submarine nets coupled with minefields and supported by Allied naval patrols.
The Austro-Hungarian navy planned to raid the Otranto Barrage with a force of three light cruisers and two destroyers under the command of Captain Miklós Horthy, in an attempt to break the barrier to allow U-boats freer access to the Mediterranean, and Allied shipping. An Allied force composed of ships from three navies responded to the raid and in the ensuing battle, heavily damaged the Austro-Hungarian cruiser . However, the rapid approach of the Austro-Hungarian relief force persuaded Rear Admiral Acton, the Allied commander, to retreat.
==Disposition of forces==
Under the command of Horthy, three Austro-Hungarian cruisers: ''Novara'', ''Saida'', and ''Helgoland'', modified to resemble large British destroyers, were to attack the drifters on the night of 14 May and attempt to destroy as many as possible before daybreak.〔Halpern, p. 162〕 The destroyers ''Csepel'' and ''Balaton'' were to mount a diversionary raid off the Albanian coast in order to confuse any Allied counter-attack.〔 Two Austro-Hungarian U-boats— and , along with the German U-boat —were to participate in the operation as well. A supporting force composed of the armored cruiser , two destroyers, and a number of torpedo boats was on standby if the raiders ran into trouble. The old pre-dreadnought battleship ''Budapest'' and a screen of torpedo boats were also available if necessary.〔
An Allied destroyer patrol was in the area on the night of 14 May, to the north of the Barrage. The Italian flotilla leader ''Mirabello'' was accompanied by the French destroyers ''Commandant Rivière'', ''Bisson'', and ''Cimeterre''. The Italian destroyer ''Borea'' was also in the area, escorting a small convoy to Valona.〔 A support force was based in the port of Brindisi, consisting of the British cruisers ''Dartmouth'' and ''Bristol'' and several French and Italian destroyers.〔Burg and Purcell, p. 169〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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